| Ages 4–17 |
| Total |
| Any detectable cotinine |
87.4 |
56.8 |
| Blood cotinine more than 1.0 ng/mL |
23.7 |
16.6 |
| White, non-Hispanic |
| Any detectable cotinine |
86.7 |
56.0 |
| Blood cotinine more than 1.0 ng/mL |
24.2 |
18.8 |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
| Any detectable cotinine |
94.5 |
79.3 |
| Blood cotinine more than 1.0 ng/mL |
36.6 |
22.1 |
| Mexican American |
| Any detectable cotinine |
83.5 |
41.1 |
| Blood cotinine more than 1.0 ng/mL |
10.7 |
4.8 |
| Ages 4–11 |
| Total |
| Any detectable cotinine |
87.7 |
59.4 |
| Blood cotinine more than 1.0 ng/mL |
25.7 |
18.4 |
| White, non-Hispanic |
| Any detectable cotinine |
86.4 |
60.6 |
| Blood cotinine more than 1.0 ng/mL |
25.9 |
21.5 |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
| Any detectable cotinine 94.5 |
94.5 |
81.4 |
| Blood cotinine more than 1.0 ng/mL |
37.2 |
23.4 |
| Mexican American |
| Any detectable cotinine |
83.8 |
41.3 |
| Blood cotinine more than 1.0 ng/mL |
11.4 |
4.0 |
| Ages 12–17 |
| Total |
| Any detectable cotinine |
87.0 |
53.7 |
| Blood cotinine more than 1.0 ng/mL |
21.1 |
14.3 |
| White, non-Hispanic |
| Any detectable cotinine |
87.0 |
50.6 |
| Blood cotinine more than 1.0 ng/mL |
21.7 |
15.5 |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
| Any detectable cotinine |
94.4 |
76.5 |
| Blood cotinine more than 1.0 ng/mL |
35.9 |
20.4 |
| Mexican American |
| Any detectable cotinine |
83.0 |
40.9 |
| Blood cotinine more than 1.0 ng/mL |
9.7 |
6.0 |
| a From 1988 to 1994, the 1977 OMB Standards for Data on Race and Ethnicity were used to classify persons into one of the following four racial groups: White, Black, American Indian or Alaskan Native, or Asian or Pacific Islander. For data from 2001 to 2004, the revised 1997 OMB standards were used. Persons could select one or more of five racial groups: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. Data on race and Hispanic origin are collected separately but are combined for reporting. Persons of Mexican origin may be of any race. Included in the total but not shown separately are American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race due to the small sample size for each of these groups. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) sample was designed to provide estimates specifically for persons of Mexican origin. |
| NOTE: "Any detectable cotinine" indicates blood cotinine levels at or above 0.05 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL), the detectable level of cotinine in the blood in 1988–1994. Cotinine levels are reported for nonsmoking children only. The average (geometric mean) blood cotinine level in children living in homes where someone smokes was 1.0 ng/mL in 1988–1994.1 |
| SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. |
| 1Mannino, D.M., Caraballo, R., Benowitz, N., and Repace, J. (2001). Predictors of cotinine levels in U.S. children: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. CHEST, 120, 718–724 |
